Cell
manipulation is a technique of genetic transfer; it
helps in the prevention and treatment of different diseases. Cell manipulation was first
demonstrated by Bell laboratories with the use of optical tweezers, laser and
infrared lights. The direct transfer of photon caused the movement of
micron-sized dielectric particles to a non-absorbing particle during refraction
and reflection, that is, the radiation pressure. Two forces work for trapping
the cell they are the scattering force that controls the motion of particles and
the other is the gradient force where the particles are trapped transversely.
It is a wide aspect of study in cell and tissue biology or bioengineering.
The main objective of cell manipulation is to study the culture of mammalian cells, their
growth, and the dispersal of cells that are derived from animal tissues, with
an appropriate surface, proper nutrients to adapt them in a different suitable
environment. Cell micropatterning and manipulation are currently representing
the basic steps to perform drug testing experiments for understanding the
biochemical process, microfluidic dynamics for medical applications. Cell manipulation is quite versatile in
nature and can be performed on bacteria, yeast, in vivo, plants, mammalian
cells, biomolecules, and many other bioparticles. After performing this
technique it has been observed that in vitro assays have increased the
efficiency of cells because of the cell
manipulation and micropatterning.
Cell
manipulation is mainly a part of microfluidics and
they are used to manufacture different medicines and to diagnose the
diseases. There are certain challenges
that are faced in cell manipulation
like the small size of the cells and the levels of target biomolecules are also
low concentrated, so it becomes difficult to analyze especially in single-cell
manipulation.
Advance
aspects of single-cell manipulation
- Based
on micropatterns, cell trap and flow of cytometric, the microfluidic single-cell manipulation analysis is
conducted.
- Based
on the chain reaction method, analysis of mass spectrometry, electrochemical,
fluorescence, and polymerase, the detection is done.
Single-cell analysis has its application on
small fields for molecular detection, multidrug resistance analysis, protein
analysis and cell sequencing along with droplet microfluidics.
There are different techniques for
conducting cell manipulation. Those
techniques include Inkjet Cell Printing, Optical and Optoelectronic Tweezers,
Laser-Based Cell Patterning, Electrokinetic Forces also known as Dielectrophoresis,
Magnetic Cell Manipulation, cell patterning in microfluidic devices.
Inside
the microfluidic devices, the patterning and manipulating of cells have an
enormous application. According to the scientists, a method to pattern cell
culture in microfluid devices has helped in achieving the binding and
sterilization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), MDA-MB-231
breast cancer cells, and NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts.
These
techniques are extensively followed by a manufacturer of surgical instruments
WPI in the USA who made these processes a bit easier with their updated and
better accuracy medical devices. They can help up to make your cell manipulation laboratory much more
updated to make your gene transfer techniques to conduct easily and in a better
manner.